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Medusa

Password Attacks

Intermediatehigh risk

Medusa is a speedy, parallel, and modular login brute-forcer. It supports many protocols including HTTP, FTP, SSH, SMB, MySQL, and more.

Installation

sudo apt install medusa

Basic Syntax

medusa -h <host> -u <user> -P <wordlist> -M <module>

Quick Facts

Full Name
Medusa
License
GPLv2
Author
Foofus (jmk)
Written In
C
Platforms
Linux, macOS, BSD
Category
Network Brute-Forcer
Protocols Supported
20+
Key Feature
Multi-host parallel scanning

Tool Overview

Medusa is a speedy, parallel, and modular login brute-forcer. It supports over 20 network protocols through its modular architecture, allowing it to test authentication on SSH, FTP, HTTP, SMB, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and many more services.

Created in 2001 by Foofus, Medusa's key advantage is its multi-host scanning capability. Unlike single-target tools, Medusa can brute-force credentials across multiple hosts simultaneously, making it ideal for network-wide credential auditing.

Medusa's modular design makes it easy to add support for new protocols. It includes resume functionality for interrupted sessions and can operate in non-intrusive mode for testing without triggering lockouts.

Common Commands

medusa -dDump the list of all installed/available authentication modules
medusa -M ssh -qShow module-specific usage and options for the ssh module
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -u <USER> -p <PASS> -M sshTest a single username/password pair against SSH on one host
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -u <USER> -P /path/to/file -M sshTry a password list against one fixed username over SSH
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -U target.txt -P /path/to/file -M sshTest every username and password combination from two files
medusa -H target.txt -u <USER> -P /path/to/file -M sshAttack multiple hosts read from a file with one username
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -C combo.txt -M sshUse a combo file of host:user:password entries
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -u <USER> -P /path/to/file -M ssh -e nsAlso test a null password and password equal to the username
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -u <USER> -P /path/to/file -M ftp -fStop scanning a host after the first valid credential is found
medusa -H target.txt -U target.txt -P /path/to/file -M ssh -FStop the whole audit after the first success on any host
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -u <USER> -P /path/to/file -M ssh -t 4Run 4 concurrent login attempts per host
medusa -H target.txt -U target.txt -P /path/to/file -M ssh -T 5Test 5 hosts concurrently
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -U target.txt -P /path/to/file -M ssh -LParallelize using one username per thread instead of finishing each user first
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -u <USER> -P /path/to/file -M ftp -n 2121Target a service on a non-default TCP port
medusa -h 10.10.10.10 -u <USER> -P /path/to/file -M ftp -sEnable SSL for the connection

Step-by-Step Guide

  1. 1Identify the objective server and the listening service
  2. 2Acquire your target usernames and associated dictionary files
  3. 3Assign the correct protocol module using the designated flag
  4. 4Execute the tool against the remote system
  5. 5Scan the output for valid authentication combinations

Warnings

Use Cases

Multi-Host Scanning

Brute-force credentials across multiple hosts simultaneously for network-wide auditing.

SSH/FTP Auditing

Test SSH and FTP services across entire server fleets for weak passwords.

Database Testing

Audit MySQL, PostgreSQL, and MSSQL database credentials across multiple servers.

SMB Share Access

Test SMB authentication across Windows networks for default or weak credentials.

Network-Wide Audits

Comprehensive credential testing across all network services in large environments.

Key Features

Related Tools

THC Hydra

Password Attacks

Faster single-target brute-forcer with more protocols and HTTP form support.

Nmap

Information Gathering

Network scanner for discovering login services before brute-forcing them.

John the Ripper

Password Attacks

Offline password cracker for hashes extracted from compromised systems.

Hashcat

Password Attacks

GPU-accelerated offline cracker for large hash sets discovered during Medusa scans.

Nmap

Information Gathering

Network scanner for discovering additional services beyond Medusa's initial targets.

Tags

#password-attacks

Output Explanation

The interface lists each authentication attempt, clearly marking valid combinations with a noticeable tag.

Ethical Usage Notice

This tool is designed for authorized security testing, educational purposes, and legitimate network administration only. Unauthorized access to computer systems is illegal.